The Ultimate Guide to Domain Extensions (TLDs)

امتدادات النطاقات، أو النطاقات العليا (TLDs، اختصار لـ Top-Level Domains)، تشكّل الجزء الأخير من اسم النطاق (على سبيل المثال .fr أو .com). منذ نشأة الإنترنت، تضاعف عددها بشكل هائل: إلى جانب الامتدادات التاريخية مثل .com أو .net أو .org، توجد الآن مئات الامتدادات الموضوعية الجديدة (.dev، .shop، .paris، إلخ) إضافة إلى امتدادات دولية بأحرف غير لاتينية.

يسرد هذا المقال جميع الامتدادات النشطة المسجّلة لدى IANA حتى 20 مايو 2025، أي قبل 48 ساعة من نشر هذا المقال. لكل امتداد، ستجد جردًا أبجديًا بسيطًا؛ وللتعمّق أكثر (السياسات، السجل، التوافر)، راجع السجلات الرسمية لـ IANA.

كيف تُصنّف الامتدادات؟

• gTLD (امتداد عام): امتدادات غير مرتبطة بدولة (.com، .info، وكذلك .app أو .tech).
• sTLD (امتداد مُموّل): تُدار من قبل جهة محددة (.edu، .gov، .museum، إلخ).
• ccTLD (امتداد رمز الدولة): حرفان يقابلان دولة أو إقليمًا (.fr، .ca، .uk…).
• IDN TLD: امتدادات بكتابات غير لاتينية، مُرمّزة تقنيًا بصيغة punycode (مثل xn--80asehdb لـ ".москва").

بعض الأرقام السريعة (IANA، 20 مايو 2025)

• إجمالي عدد الامتدادات: 1,440
• gTLDs (باستثناء IDNs): 1,041
• ccTLDs: 248
• IDN TLDs: 151

القائمة الأبجدية الكاملة

A

aaa, aarp, abb, abbott, abbvie, abc, able, abogado, abudhabi, ac, academy, accenture, accountant, accountants, aco, actor, ad, ads, adult, ae, aeg, aero, aetna, af, afl, africa, ag, agakhan, agency, ai, aig, airbus, airforce, airtel, akdn, al, alibaba, alipay, allfinanz, allstate, ally, alsace, alstom, am, amazon, americanexpress, americanfamily, amex, amfam, amica, amsterdam, analytics, android, anquan, anz, ao, aol, apartments, app, apple, aq, aquarelle, ar, arab, aramco, archi, army, arpa, art, arte, as, asda, asia, associates, at, athleta, attorney, au, auction, audi, audible, audio, auspost, author, auto, autos, aw, aws, ax, axa, az, azure

B

ba, baby, baidu, banamex, band, bank, bar, barcelona, barclaycard, barclays, barefoot, bargains, baseball, basketball, bauhaus, bayern, bb, bbc, bbt, bbva, bcg, bcn, bd, be, beats, beauty, beer, berlin, best, bestbuy, bet, bf, bg, bh, bharti, bi, bible, bid, bike, bing, bingo, bio, biz, bj, black, blackfriday, blockbuster, blog, bloomberg, blue, bm, bms, bmw, bn, bnpparibas, bo, boats, boehringer, bofa, bom, bond, boo, book, booking, bosch, bostik, boston, bot, boutique, box, br, bradesco, bridgestone, broadway, broker, brother, brussels, bs, bt, build, builders, business, buy, buzz, bv, bw, by, bz, bzh

C

ca, cab, cafe, cal, call, calvinklein, cam, camera, camp, canon, capetown, capital, capitalone, car, caravan, cards, care, career, careers, cars, casa, case, cash, casino, cat, catering, catholic, cba, cbn, cbre, cc, cd, center, ceo, cern, cf, cfa, cfd, cg, ch, chanel, channel, charity, chase, chat, cheap, chintai, christmas, chrome, church, ci, cipriani, circle, cisco, citadel, citi, citic, city, ck, cl, claims, cleaning, click, clinic, clinique, clothing, cloud, club, clubmed, cm, cn, co, coach, codes, coffee, college, cologne, com, commbank, community, company, compare, computer, comsec, condos, construction, consulting, contact, contractors, cooking, cool, coop, corsica, country, coupon, coupons, courses, cpa, cr, credit, creditcard, creditunion, cricket, crown, crs, cruise, cruises, cu, cuisinella, cv, cw, cx, cy, cymru, cyou, cz

D

dad, dance, data, date, dating, datsun, day, dclk, dds, de, deal, dealer, deals, degree, delivery, dell, deloitte, delta, democrat, dental, dentist, desi, design, dev, dhl, diamonds, diet, digital, direct, directory, discount, discover, dish, diy, dj, dk, dm, dnp, do, docs, doctor, dog, domains, dot, download, drive, dtv, dubai, dunlop, dupont, durban, dvag, dvr, dz

E

earth, eat, ec, eco, edeka, edu, education, ee, eg, email, emerck, energy, engineer, engineering, enterprises, epson, equipment, er, ericsson, erni, es, esq, estate, et, eu, eurovision, eus, events, exchange, expert, exposed, express, extraspace

F

fage, fail, fairwinds, faith, family, fan, fans, farm, farmers, fashion, fast, fedex, feedback, ferrari, ferrero, fi, fidelity, fido, film, final, finance, financial, fire, firestone, firmdale, fish, fishing, fit, fitness, fj, fk, flickr, flights, flir, florist, flowers, fly, fm, fo, foo, food, football, ford, forex, forsale, forum, foundation, fox, fr, free, fresenius, frl, frogans, frontier, ftr, fujitsu, fun, fund, furniture, futbol, fyi

G

ga, gal, gallery, gallo, gallup, game, games, gap, garden, gay, gb, gbiz, gd, gdn, ge, gea, gent, genting, george, gf, gg, ggee, gh, gi, gift, gifts, gives, giving, gl, glass, gle, global, globo, gm, gmail, gmbh, gmo, gmx, gn, godaddy, gold, goldpoint, golf, goo, goodyear, goog, google, gop, got, gov, gp, gq, gr, grainger, graphics, gratis, green, gripe, grocery, group, gs, gt, gu, gucci, guge, guide, guitars, guru, gw, gy

H

hair, hamburg, hangout, haus, hbo, hdfc, hdfcbank, health, healthcare, help, helsinki, here, hermes, hiphop, hisamitsu, hitachi, hiv, hk, hkt, hm, hn, hockey, holdings, holiday, homedepot, homegoods, homes, homesense, honda, horse, hospital, host, hosting, hot, hotels, hotmail, house, how, hr, hsbc, ht, hu, hughes, hyatt, hyundai

I

ibm, icbc, ice, icu, id, ie, ieee, ifm, ikano, il, im, imamat, imdb, immo, immobilien, in, inc, industries, infiniti, info, ing, ink, institute, insurance, insure, int, international, intuit, investments, io, ipiranga, iq, ir, irish, is, ismaili, ist, istanbul, it, itau, itv

J

jaguar, java, jcb, je, jeep, jetzt, jewelry, jio, jll, jm, jmp, jnj, jo, jobs, joburg, jot, joy, jp, jpmorgan, jprs, juegos, juniper

K

kaufen, kddi, ke, kerryhotels, kerryproperties, kfh, kg, kh, ki, kia, kids, kim, kindle, kitchen, kiwi, km, kn, koeln, komatsu, kosher, kp, kpmg, kpn, kr, krd, kred, kuokgroup, kw, ky, kyoto, kz

L

la, lacaixa, lamborghini, lamer, land, landrover, lanxess, lasalle, lat, latino, latrobe, law, lawyer, lb, lc, lds, lease, leclerc, lefrak, legal, lego, lexus, lgbt, li, lidl, life, lifeinsurance, lifestyle, lighting, like, lilly, limited, limo, lincoln, link, live, living, lk, llc, llp, loan, loans, locker, locus, lol, london, lotte, lotto, love, lpl, lplfinancial, lr, ls, lt, ltd, ltda, lu, lundbeck, luxe, luxury, lv, ly

M

ma, madrid, maif, maison, makeup, man, management, mango, map, market, marketing, markets, marriott, marshalls, mattel, mba, mc, mckinsey, md, me, med, media, meet, melbourne, meme, memorial, men, menu, merckmsd, mg, mh, miami, microsoft, mil, mini, mint, mit, mitsubishi, mk, ml, mlb, mls, mm, mma, mn, mo, mobi, mobile, moda, moe, moi, mom, monash, money, monster, mormon, mortgage, moscow, moto, motorcycles, mov, movie, mp, mq, mr, ms, msd, mt, mtn, mtr, mu, museum, music, mv, mw, mx, my, mz

N

na, nab, nagoya, name, navy, nba, nc, ne, nec, net, netbank, netflix, network, neustar, new, news, next, nextdirect, nexus, nf, nfl, ng, ngo, nhk, ni, nico, nike, nikon, ninja, nissan, nissay, nl, no, nokia, norton, now, nowruz, nowtv, np, nr, nra, nrw, ntt, nu, nyc, nz

O

obi, observer, office, okinawa, olayan, olayangroup, ollo, om, omega, one, ong, onl, online, ooo, open, oracle, orange, org, organic, origins, osaka, otsuka, ott, ovh

P

pa, page, panasonic, paris, pars, partners, parts, party, pay, pccw, pe, pet, pf, pfizer, pg, ph, pharmacy, phd, philips, phone, photo, photography, photos, physio, pics, pictet, pictures, pid, pin, ping, pink, pioneer, pizza, pk, pl, place, play, playstation, plumbing, plus, pm, pn, pnc, pohl, poker, politie, porn, post, pr, praxi, press, prime, pro, prod, productions, prof, progressive, promo, properties, property, protection, pru, prudential, ps, pt, pub, pw, pwc, py

Q

qa, qpon, quebec, quest

R

racing, radio, re, read, realestate, realtor, realty, recipes, red, redstone, redumbrella, rehab, reise, reisen, reit, reliance, ren, rent, rentals, repair, report, republican, rest, restaurant, review, reviews, rexroth, rich, richardli, ricoh, ril, rio, rip, ro, rocks, rodeo, rogers, room, rs, rsvp, ru, rugby, ruhr, run, rw, rwe, ryukyu

S

sa, saarland, safe, safety, sakura, sale, salon, samsclub, samsung, sandvik, sandvikcoromant, sanofi, sap, sarl, sas, save, saxo, sb, sbi, sbs, sc, scb, schaeffler, schmidt, scholarships, school, schule, schwarz, science, scot, sd, se, search, seat, secure, security, seek, select, sener, services, seven, sew, sex, sexy, sfr, sg, sh, shangrila, sharp, shell, shia, shiksha, shoes, shop, shopping, shouji, show, si, silk, sina, singles, site, sj, sk, ski, skin, sky, skype, sl, sling, sm, smart, smile, sn, sncf, so, soccer, social, softbank, software, sohu, solar, solutions, song, sony, soy, spa, space, sport, spot, sr, srl, ss, st, stada, staples, star, statebank, statefarm, stc, stcgroup, stockholm, storage, store, stream, studio, study, style, su, sucks, supplies, supply, support, surf, surgery, suzuki, sv, swatch, swiss, sx, sy, sydney, systems, sz

T

tab, taipei, talk, taobao, target, tatamotors, tatar, tattoo, tax, taxi, tc, tci, td, tdk, team, tech, technology, tel, temasek, tennis, teva, tf, tg, th, thd, theater, theatre, tiaa, tickets, tienda, tips, tires, tirol, tj, tjmaxx, tjx, tk, tkmaxx, tl, tm, tmall, tn, to, today, tokyo, tools, top, toray, toshiba, total, tours, town, toyota, toys, tr, trade, trading, training, travel, travelers, travelersinsurance, trust, trv, tt, tube, tui, tunes, tushu, tv, tvs, tw, tz

U

ua, ubank, ubs, ug, uk, unicom, university, uno, uol, ups, us, uy, uz

V

va, vacations, vana, vanguard, vc, ve, vegas, ventures, verisign, versicherung, vet, vg, vi, viajes, video, vig, viking, villas, vin, vip, virgin, visa, vision, viva, vivo, vlaanderen, vn, vodka, volvo, vote, voting, voto, voyage, vu

W

wales, walmart, walter, wang, wanggou, watch, watches, weather, weatherchannel, webcam, weber, website, wed, wedding, weibo, weir, wf, whoswho, wien, wiki, williamhill, win, windows, wine, winners, wme, wolterskluwer, woodside, work, works, world, wow, ws, wtc, wtf

X

xperia, xfinity, xxx, xyz

Y

ya, yahoo, yamaxun, yandex, ye, yodobashi, yoga, yokohama, you, youtube, yt, yun

Z

za, zappos, zara, zero, zip, zone, zotero, zuerich, zw

الخلاصة

تتطور امتدادات النطاقات باستمرار، مع اعتماد ICANN لامتدادات TLD جديدة بانتظام. حتى 20 مايو 2025، يوجد 1,440 امتدادًا نشطًا، مما يمنح الشركات والأفراد خيارات واسعة لتخصيص حضورهم على الإنترنت. ابقَ يقظًا: قبل تسجيل اسم نطاق، تحقّق دائمًا من سياسات السجل المعني وتأكّد من أن الامتداد يتوافق مع أهدافك التسويقية والقانونية والجغرافية. نتمنى لك بحثًا موفّقًا عن النطاق!